003. Statistical Observation: Forms and Types

Forms of Statistical Observation

1. Reporting – an organized form, in which data are presented in specially structured manner, obligatory, juridically confirmed by signature of manager. Example: financial report, balance, report about financial results, and report about movement of money means.

2. Specially organized observation

A) cEnsus – periodic or one-time registration of certain sides of social life. Example: census of population, census of rare animals, plants.

B) One-time accounting. Example: registration of stockholders.

C) Special statistical survey - exploration of mass situations on a certain topic:

· Direct observation: 3rd year students of NTU “KhPI”, which have advanced level of English;

· Documentary: accounting report;

· survey (oral, poll, interview): internet questionnaire, interview, fillings of certain forms, messages-survey.

Types of Statistical Observation

1. By Time of Registration:

A) Current observation - Systematic registration of facts or phenomena as they occur with the aim to study their dynamics. Example: registration of birth, marriages and death, registration of accidents and negative events as they occur by insurance companies.

B) Non-Current observation: Periodic observation – is conducted in certain periods of time using similar tools and programs. Example: periodic observation of passengers turnover in public transport, periodic registration of prices of certain products (once a month or once a quarter)

C) Once-only observation - is conducted one only in order to gather data on quantitative characteristics of phenomena or a process at the moment of its investigation. Example. The amount of unemployed people at the period autumn 2013.

2. By Inclusion of Units in the Population

A) Population information – covers all units of investigated population. Example: census of enumeration, census of all national enterprises.

B) Sampling (statistics) – covers only part of investigated population ( a sample). Depending on how this part was chosen there are:

· Basis data array method – investigates the biggest and the most essential units if the investigated population. Example. Investigation of the prices level on markets.

· Selection – random selection of the sample, all the units investigated were randomly chosen from the population. Example. The level of knowledge of foreign languages among students, the amount of people doing sport in Ukraine.

· Monographic – detailed investigation of units of the investigated population in order to reveal the tendencies began to show. Example: investigation of career priorities of International Business Department students.

3. By Type of Registration

A) Expeditionary – when specially trained people fill in the forms and simultaneously check the veracity of answers

B) Self registration – the survey through which respondents conduct the answering cards themselves.

C) Correspondences – is conducted through correspondents who fill in the forms and give them to statistical officials.

D) Questionnaire – forms are given to respondents or sent by post.

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